s. Short breaks were given every ∼4 min. All stimuli categories were matched for the word length on average, AN: 6.2 ± 1.7 letters; SW: 6.3 ± 1.6; PW: 6.2 ± 1.7; NW: 6.0 ± 1.3. The number of syllables in the AN and SW conditions were also matched at 2.0 ± 0.7, and 2.1 ± 0.8 respectively. Finally, all meaningful words had low frequency of occurrence and were matched across the two conditions, AN: 5.5 ± 8.9; SW: 4.3 ± 2.4 per million (Francis and Kucera, 1982), although not all the animals were found in this published database. In addition to the lexical-semantic and imperative characteristics, perceptual novelty (larger font) and repetition of words, and pseudowords were manipulated. However, because the results of these manipulations did not interact with the effects of beverage, they will not be discussed further here. Similarly, NW served as non-response fillers and the results are not presented here. Behavioral results are shown in Figure 1.
