A second full parent-offspring adoption design study began 25 years later, with a primary focus on children’s psychosocial development and the parenting environment. This study, the Early Growth and Development Study (EGDS), includes 561 linked sets of participants: 561 adopted children, their adoptive parents (552 adoptive fathers and 567 adoptive mothers; this includes 41 same-sex parent families), their birth mothers (n = 554), and their birth fathers (n = 208) (Leve et al, 2013). Participants were recruited from domestic adoption agencies across the United States. The median child age at adoption placement was 2 days (M = 6.2, SD = 12.45). In-person assessments are ongoing at regular intervals throughout the study, from at age 9 months to adolescence, and birth parent in-person assessments occurred three times between child age 4 months and 5 years.
