With increasing number of markers used for estimation, ϕest was closer to ϕped, with also less variation in the estimates from multiallelic markers. The values of the pedigree-based k-coefficients and kinship coefficients for non-inbred individuals are shown in Table II. Figure 2 shows the relation between ϕest and ϕped using 50 and 400 multiallelic markers (Panel A). For most relationships, ϕest was close to the pedigree-based expectation, ϕped, with the accuracy of the estimate increasing with the number of markers. For example, in the case of PO pairs, the mean of ϕest was 0.255 (s.d. 0.009), 0.254 (0.006), 0.253 (0.005) and 0.252 (0.003) when 50, 100, 200 and 400 multiallelic markers were used, respectively. Estimation of other relationships showed a similar trend (not shown).
