alone or European samples only, see Supplementary Fig. 7. Lastly, we compared models including casPS with the traditional total PS, performing a Vuong’s closeness test to detect which one fared better when predicting traits in admixed samples. For BMI, our approach resulted significantly closer to the real data than a traditional PS using either BBJ or UKBB associations, whereas for height the PS derived from UKBB still performed better (Supplementary Table 3).