Guinea pig models are utilized in some laboratories as they offer the advantage of being a true in utero exposure model because the three trimester equivalents of brain development largely occur during gestation (as opposed to the rat/mouse where the third trimester equivalent is during the early postnatal period). The oral intubation administration route is commonly utilized in guinea pig studies with the dose of ethanol ranging from 3 to 6 g/kg/day (99, 102, 103, 195, 196). In some studies, ethanol administration begins prior to gestation (196) but in the majority of studies ethanol administration begins on GD 1–2 (100, 102, 103, 197, 198). In most studies [excluding (196)], a nutrition/stress control group (which receive sucrose by oral intubation) was included. Results from these studies have indicated that PNEE can cause structural (101, 196–198), functional (103), and cognitive deficits (102, 103, 195) that mimic the human condition. These deficits were observed in neonate (101, 102, 196, 198), adolescent (197, 198), and adult (102, 103, 197, 198) animals. There has been only one study where ethanol administration has been restricted to
