An innovative automated voxel based volumetric analysis method was applied to MRI data from a subgroup of the same subjects (32 47,XXY males and 62 matched controls) [Shen et al., 2004]. Whole brain volumes were again smaller in the 47,XXY subjects. Decreased volumes were also seen in a variety of gray matter regions, including areas containing the amygdala, hippocampus, cingulate, insula, and temporal and occipital gyri. White matter volumes were not different with the exception of a region in the right parietal lobe. Although the differences in methodology and number of subjects make direct comparison between the two studies difficult, both analyses found decreased brain volume and that temporal lobes structures appear to be strongly affected, consistent with the language difficulties reported by a majority (30/42) of the subjects in the study.
