Finally, future research should focus on improving the efficacy of this training and identifying the mechanism(s) of effect. Firstly, a comparison of different training mechanisms is needed as both the stop signal and Go/No-Go tasks are thought to measure subtly different forms of inhibition (action cancelation and action restraint, respectively). Therefore, modified versions of these task used for training are thought to improve automatic inhibition and controlled inhibition respectively [see explanations by (106, 120)]. It might be that training both forms of inhibition provides the most protection against state fluctuations. Secondly, the generalizability of inhibition training is currently unclear: data from Jones and Field (106) and Bowley et al. (107) suggest the effects of training did not generalize to drinking outside of the laboratory, whereas data from Houben et al. (100, 101) were more promising. Therefore, future research should attempt inhibition training in situations where individuals are likely to drink or in as many different contexts as possible, and it could be administered on a tablet computer or smartphone in naturalistic environments.
