suggest that PAE results in perturbed cell growth; however, it is possible that the observed increase in expression of Fgf13 and Sox3 could be a compensatory mechanism to shift the emphasis back to self-renewal and stem cell maintenance programs. Sox3, part of the SoxB family of transcription factors expressed in self-renewing progenitor cells, is important for stem cell maintenance and inhibits neuronal differentiation (Bylund, Andersson, Novitch, & Muhr, 2003). Thus, we may conclude that PAE is altering components of proliferation and cell growth, with possibly compensatory mechanisms increased in response to the presence of alcohol, as seen in other studies (Pickering, Wicher, Rosendahl, Schiöth, & Fex-Svenningsen, 2010; Rubert et al., 2006).
