Cases were diagnosed with dementia of the Alzheimer’s type (DAT) according to the NINCDS-ADRDA20. Control individuals were evaluated using the same criteria and showed no symptoms of cognitive impairment. All participants provided written informed consent and the ethics committee approved the informed consent procedure (IRB ID #: 201105364). 787 additional samples with biomarker data used in the analyses were obtained from the ADNI database (adni.loni.usc.edu). ADNI was launched in 2003 as a public-private partnership, led by Principal Investigator Michael W. Weiner, MD. The primary goal of ADNI has been to test whether serial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), positron emission tomography (PET), other biological markers, and clinical and neuropsychological assessment can be combined to measure the progression of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and early Alzheimer’s disease (AD). CSF in all studies was collected in a standardized manner12,64–67. Biomarker measurements within each study were conducted using internal standards and controls to achieve consistency and reliability. However, differences in the measured values between studies were observed which are likely due to differences in the antibodies and technologies used for quantification (standard ELISA with
