Relatively few GWAS hits have thus far been studied in such detail. However, much GWAS evidence converges on particular biological pathways which are in themselves more druggable than single genes29. The pharmaceutical industry has also embarked on efforts to understand gene associations and the biological pathways impacted5. We need to link risk loci information to our understanding of pathways to help identify relevant biological processes, cell-types and brain circuits and to hone in on new molecular hypotheses and possible novel targets30. This need has sparked several academic projects and industry-academia pre-competitive collaborations. There are currently a large number of open-source and/or publically available efforts. These include large databases, ranging from ChEMBL. DiGB, Drug Bank to KiDB from the Psychoactive Drug Screening Program (listed in Table c), which serve as portals for identifying known molecular targets of drugs and drug-like small molecules. PHAROS (https://pharos.nih.gov/idg/index; http://targetcentral.ws/) is a new resource enabled by the NIH Druggable Genome Initiative, which serves as a portal for a variety of useful information regarding druggable targets. Likewise the Open Targets (formerly the Centre for Therapeutic Target Validation) public-private initiative in the UK integrates a large number of data sources into one searchable platform for single targets (https://www.targetvalidation.org/).
