The data comprised 656 participants (376 males and 280 females) from Collaborative Study of the Genetics of Alcoholism (COGA), examined within the age range of 12 to 30 years. Data from six collection sites were included in this study. Ascertainment and assessment procedures of COGA recruits have been described elsewhere 24–26 and in Supplementary Materials. For this study we examined only participants who were unaffected at their first visit and reassessed years later and divided them into two groups: DSM-5 AUD and unaffected controls. The AUD group (n=328, 188 males, 140 females) was defined as those diagnosed as unaffected during the first visit (mean age: 17.88±2.95) and diagnosed with lifetime DSM-5 AUD during a follow-up visit (mean number of years between visits=7.36±3.01). The control group (n=328, 188 males, 140 females) was age matched (p = 0.5) to the AUD group during the first visit (mean age: 17.69±3.11) and diagnosed as unaffected both at that visit and during a follow-up visit (mean number of years between visits=6.64±3.35) (Figure 1). In a series of analyses, the groups were further divided according to
