The 1KGP reference panel was used for S4S population assignments. The 1KGP consists of 26 populations including Han Chinese in Bejing China (CHB), Japanese in Tokyo Japan (JPT), Southern Han Chinese (CHS), Chinese Dai in Xishuangbanna China (CDX), Kinh in Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam (KHV), Utah residents from the USA with Northern and Western Ancestry (CEU), Toscani in Italia (TSI), Finnish in Finland (FIN), British in England and Scotland (GBR), Iberian Population in Spain (IBS), Yoruba in Ibadan Nigeria (YRI), Luhya in Webuye Kenya (LWK), Gambian in Western Divisions in the Gambia (GWD), Mende in Sierra Leone (MSL), Esan in Nigeria (ESN), Americans of African Ancestry in Southwest USA (ASW), African Caribbeans in Barbados (ACB), Mexican Ancestry from Los Angeles USA (MXL), Puerto Ricans from Puerto Rico (PUR), Colombians from Medellin Colombia (CLM), Peruvians from Lima Peru (PEL), Gujarati Indian from Houston, Texas USA (GIH), Punjabi from Lahore Pakistan (PJL), Bengali from Bangladesh (BEB), Sri Lankan Tamil from the UK (STU), and Indian Telugu from the UK (ITU). The 26 1KGP populations are divided into five super populations: African (AFR), admixed from the Americas (AMR), East Asian (EAS), South Asian (SAS), and European (EUR).
