a panel, typically on the basis of its maximal LD with some marker from the panel60, depends on marker allele frequencies61,62, with intermediate-MAF markers having greater potential to produce high r2 values with markers at a range of other minor allele frequencies63. Thus, ascertainment bias producing many low-MAF markers in a population can lead to decreased potential to detect phenotypically important alleles across the full range of possible allele frequencies, ultimately reducing the genome-wide utility in the population of standard marker panels.
