(108), north-west European (173), east-central European (75), south-eastern European (45), and other (647). Of the more than 650 000 markers typed on HGDP and 450 000 on POPRES, focusing on the fraction that were present on both platforms, we selected tag SNPs using H-clust [30] to ensure that pairs of SNPs have correlations of 0.04 or less. Ultimately, we chose 14 650 (approximately) independent SNPs that passed our quality control in both European databases.