to check the adequacy of fit for the two-factor measurement model at each time point. Model fit was determined using a two-index strategy recommended by Hu and Bentler (1999). The Tucker-Lewis index (TLI) was used to assess incremental fit, and the Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA) was used to gauge absolute fit. Assuming good model fit, the next analysis involved a test of strong invariance (factor loadings and item thresholds constrained to be equal) for the MTI items across Times 1 and 2. In addition, the Time 1 MTI factors served as predictors of the Time 2 MTI factors to gauge the latent stability effects, and also to examine if their were any meaningful cross-lag effects (e.g., Detachment at Time 1 predicting Antisocial at Time 2). For the final model analysis, the ODD, CD, ADHD, and alcohol dependent variables were set to load onto an Externalizing LV, and the cohesion (FES, FACES) and support (FES) variables were set to load onto a (positive) Family Functioning LV. These LVs were allowed to correlate with the Time 1 MTI factors and also served as predictors of the Time 2 MTI factors, along with the Time 1 MTI factors. Standard SEM
