probands, 31% (22/71) had a history of chronic tic disorders (including chronic motor or vocal tics and Tourette syndrome), 23% (16/71) had a family history of OCD and 11% (8/71) had a family history of chronic tic disorders. No equivalent data was available for the German subjects. The local Research Ethics Boards approved the study protocol. Written informed consent was obtained from all participating subjects. If the proband was under 18 years old, the proband's consent and written parental consent were obtained.
