An additional limitation in the present study is that our ascertainment of craving was based on a single question: “Have you ever had such a strong desire for (substance) that you couldn’t think of anything else?” This question may capture only severe craving, in contrast to a more general question such as: “Have you ever had a strong desire or craving for (substance)?” Different questions designed to elicit the presence of craving have yielded different endorsement rates (Agrawal, 2011). As with hazardous use, it remains to be determined how best to elicit these criteria to ensure comparability across studies.
