global reference populations, 4 with samples that were most genetically similar to African ancestry (AFR) global reference populations, and 1 cohort whose participants were most genetically similar to East Asian ancestry (EAS) global reference populations (hereafter referred to as European, African, or East Asian ancestries). All GWASs controlled for age, sex, and 10 principal components, except for the Minnesota Center for Twin and Family Research (MCTFR) cohort, which covaried for 20 principal components, and the deCODE cohort, which controlled for population stratification by adjusting for a genome-wide inflation factor; more details, including cohort-specific covariates, are provided in Supplemental Table 1. Twelve cohorts provided summary statistics, while five cohorts provided individual genotype and phenotype data for analysis (Supplemental Table 1).
