Alcohol and illicit drug use was assessed using the CASH interview. Information from multiple sources (including the subject, available family informants and medical records) was utilized to determine lifetime substance abuse or dependence diagnoses meeting DSM criteria (Ho, Flaum, Hubbard, Arndt, & Andreasen, 2004). The CASH evaluates 8 drug categories: alcohol, barbiturates/hypnotics, opioids, cocaine, amphetamines/stimulants, phencyclidine, hallucinogens and marijuana. For each category, the patient is asked if he/she has ever used the drug, pattern of use, period of heaviest use, and questions relating to DSM abuse and dependence diagnostic criteria. Inter-rater reliability of alcohol/illicit drug abuse/dependence categorization was high (Mean intraclass r=.75 (SD=.16)).
