and 1.51-fold (95%CI, 1.19–1.91; P = 7.4 × 10−4) greater risk of CAD (Fig. 3). These associations persisted even after excluding patients with a clinical diagnosis of MDD, depressive symptoms, or any psychiatric symptoms (Table 1).Table 1Associations between polygenic scores for major depressive disorder (MDD) and loneliness with coronary artery disease (CAD) after excluding patients with a diagnosis of MDD, depressive symptoms, or any psychiatric symptomsPolygenic scorePatient exclusionsN Cases with CADN Controls without CADOR (95% CI)PMDDNone389341971.11 (1.04–1.18)8.43 × 10−4MDDMDD374440371.11 (1.05–1.18)6.54 × 10−4MDDDepressive symptoms293531471.10 (1.03–1.18)5.76 × 10−3MDDAny psychiatric symptoms244025511.11 (1.03–1.19)9.27 × 10−3LonelinessNone389341971.13 (1.08–1.20)4.51 × 10−6LonelinessMDD374440371.13 (1.07–1.20)9.22 × 10−6LonelinessDepressive symptoms293531471.14 (1.08–1.22)2.08 × 10−5LonelinessAny psychiatric symptoms244025511.12 (1.05–1.20)8.69 × 10−4MDD major depressive disorder
