DNA methylation biomarkers rather than histone or RNA biomarkers. Additionally, for reasons of specificity, we will focus on methylation patterns at specific CpGs as opposed to measurement of global methylation levels. Changes in in global DNA methylation, often measured via digestion and analysis of repetitive DNA motifs distributed throughout the genome such as Long Interspersed Element-1 (LINE-1), have been reported in cancer, but these techniques lack adequate specificity for use in substance use disorders.
