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Chunk #11 — 2. Method — 2.1 Participants

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Delta and kappa opioid receptor polymorphisms influence the effects of naltrexone on subjective responses to alcohol.
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Participants were recruited from the Boulder, Colorado community using print and online advertisements. Inclusion criteria were the following: (1) a score of 8 or higher on the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) (Allen et al., 1997), indicating a hazardous drinking pattern; (2) self-reported drinking frequency of 3 or more drinks (2 for women) at least twice per week; (3) no history of adverse reactions to needle puncture. All female participants tested negative for pregnancy prior to the alcohol administration and all subjects were required to have a breath alcohol concentration (BrAC) of zero before each session.