not punishment has also been found in OCD [148]. These findings support the proposal that individuals with OCD have lowered sensitivity to rewards. Yet, findings from other studies support the view that individuals with OCD show enhanced sensitivity to, or an aversion of, punishment, as indicated by increased learning from punishment on reward learning tasks [149], less risky decision-making on gambling tasks [150] and greater reward-circuit activity during anticipation and/or receipt of punishment but not reward [137, 151–152]. Altered dopaminergic signals during reward learning have also been reported in OCD [153].
