There were no gender differences in behavioral and/or impulsivity measures. Statistically, the only statistically significant gender difference was elicited by the ORN component in terms of differential processing of amount (i.e. larger vs. smaller): Males had higher ORN amplitude and shorter ORN latency for the higher amount than for the lower amount while females did not differ in terms of amounts (Fig. 6, 2nd row). On the other hand, prominent gender differences were observed in the waveforms and topography of ORN and ORP: 1) females produced higher amplitudes than males, especially in the gain condition (Figs. 4 & 7); 2) the peak ORP amplitude was located at the central region in males whereas females had the peak amplitude in the parietal area (Fig. 7); and 3), the separation of ERP activity (between loss and gain conditions) were more well-defined in females than in males at around 300 ms, while after 400 ms the separation was more well-defined in males than females (Fig. 5).
