In order to allow comparison across different maze configurations, position data were linearized and warped to two experimenter-drawn idealized paths (Schmitzer-Torbert and Redish, 2004a), one path for correct (rewarded) laps and one for incorrect (unrewarded) laps. All data where the rat deviated more than 10 cm from the relevant path were excluded from analysis. Turnaround points, where the rat reversed direction, and reward site departure times were identified as in van der Meer and Redish (2009).