rG = 0.17 between verbal hostility and assault (Coccaro et al., 1997), rG = 0.35 between indirect hostility and assault, rG = 0.39 between indirect hostility and verbal hostility, and rG = 0.49 between verbal hostility and assault (Cates et al., 1993). Overall, genetic influences are generally found for most, if not all forms of aggression, although somewhat different genetic factors may be operating across these different forms. The mechanisms that underlie more direct, planned, confrontational, and often physical forms of aggression may to some extent be different than those for reactive or indirect aggressive behaviors.
