Substance use disorders (SUD) have become a significant global public health problem(Sarvet and Hasin, 2016). Data from 2013 estimate the total yearly economic burden in the United States to be $78 billion, and opioid-related deaths resulted in over 1.6 million years of life lost(Florence et al., 2016). Over the last two decades, the rate of opioid use in the United States has increased dramatically, with the consumption of hydrocodone increasing nearly 200% and consumption of oxycodone increasing by nearly 500% from 1999 to 2011(Gomes et al., 2018). In 2017, more than 47,000 Americans died from opioid overdoses(Lyden and Binswanger, 2019).
