Chunk #24 — I. Introduction

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Molecular genetics of addiction and related heritable phenotypes: genome-wide association approaches identify "connectivity constellation" and drug target genes with pleiotropic effects.

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As noted above, the best documented genetic heterogeneity for addictions comes from the chromosome 4 major gene effects found in poorly-alcohol-metabolizing (“flushing”) Asian individuals [61–63, 67]. The best documented substance-specific influence comes from the chromosome 15 nicotinic acetylcholinergic receptor gene cluster. There are likely to be other examples of between-locus genetic heterogeneity and of genes whose variants exert substance-specific effects on use and/or dependence that have yet to be elucidated.