to using alcohol. Variables modeled in this way included ever-use of cannabis, internalizing conditions, externalizing disorders, and assaultive and nonassaultive traumas. Maternal and paternal AUD statuses were lifetime measures and were time-invariant; parental separation and perceived peer substance use were also time-invariant as only an age range (12-17), and not a specific onset age, were obtained. To assess whether there were differential associations based on gender, interactions between each risk factor and gender were studied; those that met significance after adjusting for multiple comparisons were retained.
