Each permutation randomly assigned PAE and COA labels to the LORs, computed and recorded the test statistic, and then repeated this process 10,000 times to obtain one distribution of the test statistic under the null hypothesis. The test statistic based on the actual PAE and COA assignments was then compared to this null distribution to calculate the permutation p-value. This was repeated 10,000 times in order to construct a frequency distribution of 10,000 permutation p-values.
