A third model has not received the same attention as the diathesis-stress or differential susceptibility models. The social push model (Raine 2002) highlights the difference between typical and atypical social environments rather than emphasizing stressful or disorganized environments. This model hypothesizes that genetic factors will emerge as relatively more influential within stable social environments where “social noise” is minimized and the environment allows “biology to shine through” (Raine 2002:314). In other words, genetic factors become more salient when variability in the social environment is minimized.
