and also more numerous, whereas the aspiny and sparsely spiny neurons belong to the inhibitory interneurons (Millhouse and DeOlmos, 1983; McDonald, 1996; McDonald et al., 2002; Muller et al., 2007, 2009; Pinard et al., 2008). In contrast, excitatory neurons, defined by their immunoreactivity to CaMKII or by their spininess, as visualized through three-dimensional reconstruction, have been observed to receive excitatory inputs along dendritic shafts (L. Ostroff and C. Farb, personal communication).