Although the literature has been mixed on the links between Neuroticism and longevity, some of the largest studies have found high Neuroticism associated with greater risk of death (27–29). This association is also consistent with evidence that a general tendency to experience negative emotions, such as anxiety, anger, or depression, is associated with poor mental health (11, 12), poor quality of life (17), and more health risk behavior (5). Furthermore, Neuroticism has been linked to higher risk of disease (19, 55), and poor adherence to prescribed medical regimens and recovery from disease (15, 55–57), although the links with physical health are in some cases ambiguous. Individuals high on Neuroticism tend to report more somatic complaints (58), which are not always substantiated by objective measure of medical status. As reported in Table 1, Emotional Stability is most strongly associated with the Depression facet of the Neuroticism domain. Clinical depression and depression symptoms have been repeatedly associated with cardiac and all cause mortality (41, 59–61). Objectivity, the other GZTS scale associated with Neuroticism and in particular with the Self-Consciousness facet of the
