Chunk #133 — III. Selected Methodological Issues — D. Ethical issues in high density genotyping of individuals who are selected due to self-reported illegal behaviors

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Molecular genetics of addiction and related heritable phenotypes: genome-wide association approaches identify "connectivity constellation" and drug target genes with pleiotropic effects.

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However, the strongest protection for individuals who volunteer for this work comes from development and use of DNA pooling approaches. Since these approaches never generate high densities of genotypes for any individual, it is impossible to abuse or misuse this pooled data for other unintended purposes. Pooling approaches provide these research volunteers with the strongest confidentiality protections that are currently available. Pooling may also merit increasing attention in other settings in which the downside risks of DNA-based personal identification are of significant concern.