For ventral telencephalic lineage induction, cells were treated with IWP-2 (5 µM) from day 0 to day 7 to prevent dorsalization and rostralization, and with SAG (0.1 µM) from day 0 to day 21 to induce ventralization. This treatment resulted in cell populations enriched in ventral telencephalic tissues (Fig. 1e,f and Table 4). After 2 weeks of floating culture, cells were transferred to Poly-l-ornithine- (PLO; 15 mg/ml) and fibronectin- (FN; 1 mg/ml) coated surfaces for adherent culture (Fig. 1c).