At either time point, 8 % (522/6,272) of mothers reported regular daily drinking, i.e. at least one drink a day in the preceding month (between 14 and 18 or 28 and 32 weeks gestation). Overall, 19 % of mothers reported binge-pattern drinking, but not daily drinking whereas 5 % reported both episodic binge-pattern drinking and daily drinking. The relationships between patterns and frequency/quantity of drinking during pregnancy and outcomes are shown in Table 4 (the reference category includes both non-drinkers and light drinkers (i.e. participants who did not drink daily or have any episodes of binge-pattern drinking)). After adjustment for confounders, an episodic pattern of consuming ≥4 drinks in a day in the absence of daily drinking was associated with more hyperactivity/inattention and total problems in girls, according to the parent. Furthermore, across both genders, there was an association with more teacher-rated hyperactivity/inattention problems. This episodic pattern of binge drinking was also associated with lower KS2 scores and this association persisted after adjusting further for paternal education (adjusted regression coefficient = −0.82, 95 % CI −0.16 to −1.47, p =
