both phenotypes, following GWAS in each of the five populations, the summary statistics were combined within phenotype in trans-population meta-analyses. SNPs in EAs or those present in at least two populations were meta-analyzed. Sex-stratified GWAS for both phenotypes were then performed in groups large enough to permit it—EA, AA, LA, and EAA men and EA, AA, and LA women—and the data were meta-analyzed within sex and phenotype. All meta-analyses were performed using a sample-size-weighted scheme that was implemented in METAL47.
