and other anthropometric, cardio-metabolic, and psychiatric disorders revealed marked distinctions10–14. For instance, while AUD and PAU appear to be consistently associated with increased genetic liability for other psychiatric disorders and positively with liability to educational achievement, DPW is genetically uncorrelated with most psychiatric disorders (except ADHD and tobacco use disorder) but correlated negatively with educational achievement and cardio-metabolic disease (which remains uncorrelated with PAU or AUD)10–14. These findings strongly hint at some common pathological underpinnings to AUD, PAU, and other mental illnesses while genetic liability to DPW appears to be confounded with socio-economic correlates of alcohol use10,11,13,14.
