and short-term memory (Basar-Eroglu, Basar, 1992, Demiralp and Basar, 1992, Karakas, 1997, Klimesch, 1999), error processing (Luu et al., 2003, Luu et al., 2004, Trujillo and Allen, 2007), reward processing (Cohen et al., 2007, Gehring and Willoughby, 2004, Kamarajan et al., 2008, Marco-Pallares et al., 2008), realizing the need for top-down control (cited from Cavanagh and Frank, 2014, Cavanagh et al., 2012, Itthipuripat et al., 2013, Jacobs et al., 2006), mid-frontal substrate for action monitoring processes (Cavanagh, Zambrano-Vazquez, 2012), and response conflict (Cohen and Cavanagh, 2011). Alpha has been reported to be linked with a cessation of activity or inhibition (Knyazev et al., 2006b, Knyazev and Slobodskaya, 2003, Knyazev et al., 2010), and to reflect anticipatory preparedness (Knyazev et al., 2004a, 2005, 2006a, Knyazev et al., 2004b, Knyazev and Slobodskaya, 2003, Knyazev et al., 2002). The slow alpha (8-10 Hz) has been reported to modulate as a function of attentional demands (Basar and Schurmann, 1997, Basar et al., 1997, Klimesch et al., 1997b, Klimesch et al., 1998, Klimesch et al., 1996b), and fast alpha activity (10-12 Hz) has been shown to mediate semantic memory processes as well as stimulus-related aspects (Klimesch, 1996, Klimesch, Doppelmayr, 1997a, Klimesch, Doppelmayr, 1997b, Klimesch, Schimke,
