Sex and ethnicity had a significant effect on both the intercept and slope (see Table 5). At the grand-mean of age (M = 59.40), men, on average, had higher BMI than women, and Black participants had higher BMI than White participants. Men and Black participants, however, had a slower rate of change than women and White participants, respectively. Also, as expected, there was evidence of secular trends, such that participants who entered the study more recently had higher BMI than participants who entered the study at an earlier point in time. Education did not have a significant effect on the intercept or slope of BMI.
