Participants in both studies had to meet the following criteria to participate in the study: male or female individuals between the ages of 18 and 65, meet current DSM criteria for Alcohol Dependence/AUD (DSM-IV-TR for Study 1; DSM-5 for Study 2) and entering outpatient treatment, able to sign informed consent, and read English and complete study evaluations. Exclusion criteria included: a diagnosis of abuse or dependence for any other psychoactive substance except cannabis, nicotine, and caffeine; current use of psychoactive drugs; any psychotic disorder or psychiatric disorder requiring specific attention (e.g., Bipolar I or II Disorder, active suicidal intent and plan); significant underlying medical conditions that would interfere or be of potential harm during the study (e.g., history of myocardial infarction, cardiovascular disease, cancer). Additional exclusion for Study 1 was hypotension as indicated by a sitting blood pressure below 90/60 mmHg because of the potential side effects of prazosin, an anti-hypertensive, of lowering blood pressure for these individuals. In the first study, 85 participants were included in the analyses during the first two weeks of their participation; a second validation sample of 28 AUD individuals were assessed daily over a longer 8-week outpatient behavioral treatment period (Table 1 for demographics).
