Strengths of this study include the use of a unique dataset that includes genotypic and phenotypic data from fathers, mothers, and offspring to disentangle genetic and socio-environmental influences on educational attainment and the application of a state of the science approach, namely genome-wide polygenic score approach, to characterize genetic predispositions toward educational attainment. Our sample included participants from a broad age range, with the majority of individuals passed through the typical period of completing a final educational degree. Incorporating genotypic data from both parents and offspring provided a unique opportunity to examine social genetic effects on educational attainment. Including fathers and mothers in our analyses also contributed to the limited literature on the role of fathers in influencing offspring development.
