Table 1 provides an overview of key accomplishments in addiction genetics. We detail there a handful of key genes in relation to their role in the psychoactive effects and metabolism of alcohol, nicotine, or cannabis. However, there has not been consistent replication of these findings. GWAS are beginning to reveal intriguing findings and meta-analyses that will aggregate data across these individual GWAS have begun to be formulated. However, unlike schizophrenia [157], such efforts lag considerably in accruing sample sizes large enough to detect variants of the expected modest effect size. Neurogenetic studies continue to inform the functional relevance of polymorphisms uncovered using genetic association methods, however they are limited by the phenotypes they investigate (e.g., how does craving relate to general addiction?), how these phenotypes relate to addiction (e.g., how do genes that affect corticostriatal response relate to alcoholism?) and low statistical power. In response to these challenges, it is likely that advances in addictions research over the next decade will stem from collaborative and translational science. There are other exciting avenues for translational research that are beyond the scope
