in childhood and later alcohol use (Dick et al., 2013), indicative of the multiple potential developmental pathways to problem alcohol use that start from underlying genetic predispositions. Understanding how genetic risk unfolds along these pathways is essential to develop effective prevention and intervention to implement before alcohol use develops into an AUD needing treatment. Three such commonly theorized pathways of risk to AUD are characterized by externalizing behavior, internalizing symptoms, or a low level of response to alcohol (Hussong et al., 2011, Schuckit et al., 2015, Zucker, 2008). Each of these pathways has been shown to benefit from tailored personalized intervention (Conrod et al., 2006, Schuckit et al., 2016, Schuckit et al., 2015). Schuckit et al., 2015 demonstrated that an intervention for college drinking that included information about low level of response to alcohol was most effective for those with a low level of response. Similarly, Conrod et al., 2006 used personality targeted interventions focused on externalizing and internalizing characteristics in high school students and demonstrated a reduction in future alcohol outcomes. These studies (and other work by these groups) demonstrate that individuals are differentially responsive to various interventions based on their underlying etiologies and these interventions can be effective
