Chunk #22 — Results — Longitudinal twin analysis — Substance-specific effects — Smoking

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Sex differences and developmental stability in genetic and environmental influences on psychoactive substance consumption from early adolescence to young adulthood.

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Total shared environmental estimates decreased consistently across the age groups. There was also a decrease in common shared environmental effects. Of note, smoking-specific shared environmental effects were minimal yet consistent across the ages. The specific shared environmental effects at age 13–14 accounted for a small amount of the variance of specific effects at age 16–17.