Table 1 lists the sources of European American and African American study subjects, who were genotyped on one of three Illumina arrays (Human1M, HumanHap550 version 1, or HumanHap550 version 3) or the Affymetrix 6.0 array. All genotype data from European American study subjects were obtained from dbGaP. The availability of African American studies in dbGaP is more limited, so we utilized both dbGaP and Illumina’s iControl database (Illumina, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA) to obtain genotype data on African American control subjects. All subject data were anonymous and publically available based on which the RTI International Institutional Review Board granted a human subjects exemption for this study.