in schizophrenia (Oknina et al. 2005; Youn et al. 2003), depression (Li et al. 2011), anxiety (Li et al. 2011), obsessive-compulsive disorder (Kim et al. 2006, 2009), drug use (Mejias et al. 2005; Tuchtenhagen et al. 2000; Wan et al. 2009), and AUD (Hegerl et al. 1996a; Tarkka et al. 2001). In alcoholism, an increase in the intensity dependence (i.e., corresponding amplitude change based on stimulus intensity) of the tangential dipole for the N1/P2 component was observed in alcoholics, whereas a decrease was found in healthy control subjects (Hegerl et al. 1995, 1996a). Tarkka and colleagues (2001) performed dipole source analysis of ERPs related to automatic auditory processing (i.e., MMN) and found that processing of alerting tones was located at frontal regions in violent alcoholics, whereas the same processing was identified at medial temporal regions in nonviolent alcoholics and normal subjects. Similarly, dipole modeling has identified changes in the location of brain sources for P50, P100, and MMN components in alcoholics (Pekkonen et al. 1998).
