Several of the reported analyses require filtering to remove related samples. We used KING62 to identify such first-degree relative pairs. We first used vcftools63 and plink64 to convert the VCF file into the required input format for KING. The estimated kinship coefficient was restricted to 0.177–0.354 as described in the KING manual to identify the first-degree relative pairs, and the results were confirmed from the submitted metadata. The number of unrelated samples by country-of-origin is shown in Supplementary Table 1.1.
