is believed that pedigree records obtained through the original data are accurate, then a point out of place (e.g., points colored as unrelated showing up where most of the parent-offspring pairs cluster) would be indicative of either nonpaternity, adoption, sample mix-up, or duplicate processing of a single individual. Further investigation using the original data can be used to attempt to identify the problem. It is also worth noting in studies where datasets from multiple sites are combined that it is possible that the same participant is present in more than one study. These two data points would appear genetically identical across sites.
