To address the complexity of human neural circuitry modeling, a multicompartmental microfluidic culturing systems have been developed, which allows different subtypes of human neurons to be cultured in different compartments, while permitting synaptic connectivity (Fantuzzo et al., 2017). Moreover, this system allows imaging as well as functional analysis. This system can potentially be used to dissect the underlying molecular, cellular, synaptic and circuit modifications that are involved in AUDs. A more complex neural circuitry model to study basic biological and clinical applications is the in vitro organoid model (Simian & Bissell, 2016). Organoids can be defined as self-organizing 3D structures, which can be generated from both pluripotent stem cells (ES and iPS cells) and adult stem cells, to recapitulate the in vivo development and differentiation characteristics of the host mammalian tissue (Dutta et al., 2017). A combination of 3D organoid technology with patient-derived iPS cell reprogramming techniques, may permit patient-derived organoids to aid as a bridge to shorten the glaring gap between disease modeling in the context of a human and animal models. However, the 3D organoids are devoid of
